An injury in the warm-up to Gonzalo Higuain saw recalled Paulo Dybala to the line-up, with Giorgio Chiellini and Federico Bernardeschi dropped as both sides looked to get back to winning ways.
Juventus carved out the first opening when Alex Sandro headed against the post 11 minutes in after meeting Matthijs De Ligt's cutback off a free-kick following a foul on Cristiano Ronaldo.
A chance for Juve from the far side had Ronaldo lurking for Dybala's ball following good work from Sandro, but was met with a defensive intervention on 32 minutes.
Ciro Immobile looked to increase his scoring tally with a long-range drive a minute before stoppage time, but cracked the base of the post.
Juve had the all-important breakthrough six minutes from halftime as Ronaldo drilled home from the penalty spot after Bastos handled in the area with a lengthy Video Assistant Refereeing check overturning the referee's initial decision.
Ronaldo completed his brace after four minutes when he turned home Dybala's lay-off from six-yards out after robbing Felipe off possession.
A double substitution from the Bianconeri in the 58th minute saw Danilo and Blaise Matuidi entering with Douglas Costa and Aaron Ramsey making way.
Dybala looked to carve out a third goal after getting around Bastos to clip a cross for Ronaldo, who headed against the crossbar after 66 minutes.
Lazio had a consolation in the last seven minutes when Immobile fired home from the penalty spot for his 30th league goal of the season after being brought down by Bonucci.
Sergej Milinkovic-Savic almost levelled matters with a free-kick in time added on, but Wojciech Szczesny made the save as Juve got revenge last December's defeats.