After starring in last week's win over Borussia Monchengladbach, Jadon Sancho and Erling Braut Haaland continued up front as Raphael Guerreiro returned for Dortmund.
Dortmund launched the game's first threat on three minutes after Jude Bellingham drew a save from Augsburg goalkeeper Rafal Gikiewicz after attacking Thomas Meunier's pin-point delivery.
Sancho was the latest figure denied by Gikiewicz ten minutes in following a promising strike from range, while Meunier failed to steer home Giovanni Reyna's corner.
Augsburg began showing promise following the closing stages of the half as Florian Niederlechner brought the best out of Dortmund goalkeeper Roman Burki with a threatening attempt.
The Black and Yellow cracked five minutes to halftime when Daniel Caliguiri's cross picked out Felix Uduokhai, who needed no second invitation to head home.
Dortmund were further behind nine minutes from the break as Caliguiri turned from provider to finish off a ball over the top of the defence from Niederlechner.
A double substitution from Dortmund on 60 minutes saw Bellingham and Guerreiro removed for Marco Reus and Julian Brandt in a bid to emulate last season's heroics in the corresponding fixture.
Augsburg still enjoyed a fair share of dominance towards the latter phases, as Carlos Gruezo agonisingly shaved the top of the crossbar following a strike from range.
The Black and Yellow looked for a strong finish late on as Reus, Reyna, Mahmoud Dahoud and Mats Hummels launched numerous attacks at Gikiewicz, but to no avail as it finished 2-0 to the hosts.