Neuer came through The Miners' youth ranks before switching alliances to Bayern Munich in July 2011, a move which has seen him come under fire by supporters of his boyhood club.
"I don't mind it if they whistle me when I'm on the ball. But I cannot understand it when they insult me with the words they used," Neuer told Kicker.
"Emotion is part of the game, but I find it incomprehensible when I hear people shout at me and call me a son of a w****.
"Everything that happened when I left Schalke for Bayern made me stronger as a person. It was quite an experience and it was not easy for me.
"But if you look at the career I have already had at Munich, it's clear that joining Bayern was the right choice for me."
The Germany international was in goal when Bayern beat Schalke 3-0 at the Allianz Arena on April 16.